The Future of the European Union Under the Shadow of the COVID-19 Crisis

The COVID-19 crisis, which radically changed all the habits of humanity, started a new era in relations between European states. The European states and the EU institutions, working in the light of the principles of solidarity and cooperation since the Second World War, suffered greatly with this health crisis. This period, which resulted in the diminishing of cooperation and their states to pay more attention to their national interests, faltered in European solidarity. At this point, the study will address the problems experienced in the economic, political, and health fields. In addition, in the light of these problems, the course of the relations between the European Union states in the post-COVID-19 period will be discussed. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.

Development a Novel Score (SAD-60) for Predicting Mortality in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 1013 Patients

Background. We aimed to explore a novel risk score to predict mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In additoon, we compared the accuracy of the novel risk score with CURB-65, qSOFA and NEWS2 scores. Methods. The study was conducted in hospitalised patients with laboratory and radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia between November 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020. In this retrospective multicenter study. independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the novel score. The optimal cut-off points of the candidate variables were calculated by the Youden's index of ROC curve. Mortality was defined as all cause in-hospital death. Results. A total of 1013 patients with COVID-19 were included. The mean age was 60,5 ±14,4 years, and 581 (57,4%) patients were male. In-hospital death was occured in 124 (12,2%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), albumin, D-dimer, and age were independent predictors for mortality (Table). A novel scoring model was named as SAD-60 (SpO2, Albumin, D-dimer, ≥60 years old). SAD-60 score (0,776) had the highest AUC compared to CURB-65 (0,753), NEWS2 (0,686), and qSOFA (0,628) scores (Figure). Conclusion. We demonstrated that SAD-60 score had a promising predictive capacity for mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predicting mortality Comparison of CURB-65, qSOFA, NEWS-2 and SAD-60 for predicting pneumonia mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 by ROC analysis.